Class Variables in Python

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Class variables are variables that are shared among all instances of a class. They are defined within a class but outside any instance methods and are usually used to store data that should be the same across all instances.

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Defining Class Variables

Class variables are defined at the class level and can be accessed using either the class name or an instance.

class Car:
    # Class variable
    wheels = 4  

    def __init__(self, brand, color):
        self.brand = brand  # Instance variable
        self.color = color  # Instance variable

# Accessing class variable
print(Car.wheels)  # Output: 4

# Creating instances
car1 = Car("Toyota", "Red")
car2 = Car("Honda", "Blue")

# Accessing class variable via instance
print(car1.wheels)  # Output: 4
print(car2.wheels)  # Output: 4

Modifying Class Variables

1. Modifying at the Class Level

• Affects all instances.

Car.wheels = 6  # Changing the class variable

print(car1.wheels)  # Output: 6
print(car2.wheels)  # Output: 6

2. Modifying at the Instance Level

• Creates an…