Custom Exceptions in Python

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Python provides a robust exception-handling system that allows developers to handle runtime errors gracefully. While built-in exceptions like ValueError, TypeError, or KeyError cover many common scenarios, sometimes you need more descriptive and domain-specific error messages. That’s where custom exceptions come into play.

In this guide, we’ll explore how to create and use custom exceptions in Python to make your code more maintainable and easier to debug.

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What Are Exceptions in Python?

Exceptions are errors that occur during program execution. Python raises exceptions when encountering situations it cannot handle, such as dividing by zero or accessing a non-existent dictionary key.

For example:

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")

While built-in exceptions are helpful, they may only sometimes communicate the specific nature of the problem. Custom exceptions allow you to define errors that are specific to your application’s needs.

Why Use Custom Exceptions?

1. Better Error…